Senin, 04 Februari 2013

Basics Of Electronics


In the field of electronics known there are two types of components that are grouped based on the above criteria.

Two types of components are active components and passive components. Two kinds of electronic components that we will study in basic electronics is always present in any electronic circuit.

The active component is a type of electronic components that require electricity in order to work in the electronic circuit. Examples of active components are transistors and ICs are also light tubes. The amount of bias current can be different for each komponen2 this.

While the passive component is a type of electronic component that works without the need for electricity. Examples of passive components are resistors, capacitors, transformers / transformer, diodes, etc..
 
In basic electronics the use of both types of components are almost always used together, except in passive circuits using only passive components such as circuit baxandall passive, passive filters and so on. For the IC (Integrated Circuit) is a combination of active and passive components are compiled into an electronic circuit and reduced physical size.



RESISTOR
Resistors are electronic components that are always used in every electronic circuit because it serves as a regulator of the electric current. With electrical resistor can be distributed according to need ..


In the electronic circuit resistor is represented by the number "R", while its icon like this:. There are several types of resistors in the market include: Carbon Resistor, Wirewound and Metal Film. There are also resistors that can be changed resistance value, among others: potentiometer and trimpot. There was also resistance value resistor that changes when exposed to light called LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) and resistors that changes its resistance depending on the surrounding temperature called NTC (Negative Thermal Resistance) that you try to watch a clearer picture 1-a, and animation the following:
For the type of carbon and metalfilm resistors are commonly used color codes to guide the value of the resistance (resistance) of the resistor. Color codes that represents the first digit, the number 2, number multiplication by 10 (multiflier), fault tolerance, and quality of the value of the resistor. Color codes that include Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Purple, Grey, White, Gold and Silver. (See figure 1-b and Table 1). Black for the numbers 0, chocolate for number 1, number 2 red, orange for the number 3, number 4 yellow, green for the number 5, number 6 blue, purple for the number 7, the gray for the number 8, and white for the 9. While gold and silver are usually to show the value of tolerance is the tolerance value of 10% gold, while the silver value of the tolerance of 5%.
Well a lot of difficult to memorize it ..!, Hmmm .., if you find it difficult to memorize the color code of a resistor and its value, consider the text that I gave bold above. If you put together would be a word that might be easy for you to menhafalnya (Hi Co Me O Me Hi BUAP == 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9). Ok one more try you see figure 1 and table 1-b
How to install the Serial and Parallel Resistor way
With the way the value of the resistor can be unique. Then how to calculate it?, Ehmm. easy, for the way you live serial add any value resistor 1 and resistor values ​​2. (R1 + R2). As for the way you are required to understand the parallel ALGEBRA (wah-wah math again) but it's easy really. If you want to open the advanced mathematics course that discuss specific topics about the mathematics on this site too. Ok back to the point. For parallel manner prescribed formula as follows: suppose we memparalel two resistors, resistor R1 and the first given name of the second resistor R2 is named, then the formula is: 1 / R = (1/R1) + (1/R2)
Example: We have two resistors with the following value R1 = 1000 Ohm, R2 = 2000 Ohm, when we use the results obtained in the series R1 + R2 1000 +2000 = 3000 Ohm, whereas when we use a parallel way the obtained results:
1 / R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2
       1 / R = (1/1000) + (1/2000)
       1 / R = (2000 + 1000) / (1000 X 2000)
       1 / R = (3000) / (2000000)
       1 / R = 3/2000
          3R = 2000
           R = 2000/3
           R = 666.7 Ohm -----> Resistor Parallel results.
please prove it with algebraic equations in mathematics.



 Capacitors
Capacitor or condenser is an electronic component that can store electrical energy in the form of electrical charge during a certain time interval without a chemical reaction.
Capacitors are widely used in electronic devices such as camera flash, energy reserves on the computer when the power fails, the protective system RAM on the computer etc..
Basically, a capacitor consists of a pair of parallel conductor plates of area A separated by a distance d is small. The two conductors separated by an insulating material called the dielectric.
When the capacitor rated voltage, kapsitor will be charged. The plate becomes positively charged and the other negatively charged plate. The amount of each charge on the plates is the same. Amount of charge Q contained in the charge is proportional to the potential difference V according to the equation: Q = CV. With C shows capacitance capacitors. The capacitance of the capacitor is the ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy.
Capacitance does not depend on Q and V. Its value depends only on the structure and dimensions of the capacitor itself. So C can be written in the equation C = vacuum permittivity multiplied A / d.

 Types of capacitors
Based on the dielectric material and its use, the capacitor is divided into several types as follows.
a. Variable capacitor (Varco)
Capacitors are used to tuning a radio or looking for radio waves. This capacitor using air as the dielectric material. Capacitor type uses that can not be driven plate (the stator) and a plate that can be used (rotor). Varco usually made from aluminum. By turning the knob, the face plate area diataur can be changed so that the capacity of the capacitor. By changing the capacity of the capacitor, the frequency can be tuned circuit is sought. Here is shown a Varco.
b. Ceramic capacitors
Ceramic capacitors have a dielectric made of ceramic. The capacitor has a metal electrode and dielektritnya consists of a mixture of titanium oxide and other oxides. Excellent dielectric strength so it has a large capacity. Nevertheless, the relatively small size of ceramic capacitors. Digunaka ceramic capacitor to dampen the sparks, as the sparks that arise in platinum motor vehicle.

c. Paper Capacitors
These capacitors have a dielectric made of paper. Paper capacitors have layers of 0.05 to 0.02 mm thick paper between two sheets of aluminum foil. The paper is impregnated with oil to increase capacity and dielectric strength.
d. Plastic Capacitors
Plastic film capacitors have a dielectric plastic. These capacitors have a dielectric layer and the metal electrode made of polisterina, mylar or teflon with 0.0064 mm thick. Plastic capacitors used for power factor correction in power sisitem on nuclear fission, hydraulic metal forming, plasma dielectric investigation.

e. Electrolytic Capacitors (Elco)
Electrolytic capacitors have a dielectric in the form of aluminum oxide. Positive electrode is made of metal, such as aluminum and tantalum, while the negative electrode made of electrolyte. Dielectric material used to coat the negative electrode. Thick oxide layer about 0.0001 mm. The capacitor is only used in a pulsed DC voltage on the circuit radio, television, telephone, telegraph, missiles, and computer equipment. Elco function is as an electrical current pulse rectifier.

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