Information Technology

The rapid development of information technology even in remote corners of the former have not felt any technology can now enjoy online information service SCARA technology.

Information technology appears as a result of the spread of globalization in organizational life, the rigors of business competition, the short life cycle of goods and services offered, as well as the increasing demands of consumer tastes for products and services offered. In anticipation of this, companies are looking for new breakthroughs with technology. The technology is expected to become a facilitator and interpreter. Initially used only limited information technology in data processing. With the development of information technology, almost all activities of the organization at this time has been entered by the application of information technology and automation.

 

Information technology can be defined as the combination of computer and telecommunications technology with other technologies such as hardware, software, database, network technology, and other telecommunications equipment. Furthermore, the use of information technology within an organization's information systems to provide information to users in the context of decision making.

There are various kinds of system information using emerging information technologies, including Electronic Data Processing Systems, Data Processing Systems (DPS), Decision Support System (DSS), Management Information System (MIS), Executive Information Systems (EIS), Expert System ( ES) and Accounting Information System (AIS) (Bodnar, 1998). Communication channel that can be used to communicate is standard telephone lines, coaxial cable, fiber optics, microwave systems, communications satellites, cellular radio and telephone. While the network configuration that can be used to communicate is a Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN), and Client / Server Configurations (Romney, 2000).

EDP ​​is the use of computer technology to organize data processing on a transaction-oriented organization. This system is used to process the transaction data that are routine (everyday). The system is not able to help with the work relating to the management decision-making. The system is only useful to improve the timeliness and frequency of presentation of the report. Fundamentally, EDP is the application of accounting information system in any organization. The term data processing (DP) is actually equal to the EDP.

MIS is the use of computer technology to provide information-oriented mid-level management. MIS recognizes the fact that the managers within an organization need information in the decision-making and that the computer-based information systems can help provide information for managers.

DSS is an information system whose data are processed in the form of decision-making for the end user. Since the end-user oriented, then the DSS requires the use of decision models and specialized databases with different DP system. DSS aimed at providing real data, special and non-routine information requested by management. DSS can be used to analyze the current market conditions or the potential market. DSS can help transform business processes, which are generally the manager makes all the decisions, but with the information technology such as decision support tools, database access, danmodelling software, decision-making becomes part of every person.

ES is an information system based on the use of knowledge about the field of application-specific knowledge to operate as an expert consultant for the end user. Such as DSS, ES requires the use of models and databasekhusus management decisions. Unlike DSS, ES also requires the development of a knowledge base and the inference engine. If the DSS in order to assist management decision-making, then the ES to make the decision.

EIS is an information system that deals with the needs of top management on strategic information in strategic decision-making process. While AIS is a system that provides financial information and non-financial nature for decision makers. The use of information technology in corporate activity such as the value chain can yield several benefits, such as cost savings, accelerated operation time, increase productivity, accelerate time delivery of goods and services to customers, as well as an increase in the value of goods and services is high on the customer.

One of the information technology that is not less important is the use of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). EDI is the communication between computers in order to increase the effectiveness and reduce the work that is clerical. Hansen and Hill (1989) defined as the movement of EDI business documents in a structured format between various business partners within an organization. With EDI, the received document can instruct the computer automatically. Integrated EDI gives the manager an opportunity to concentrate fully on strategic decision making and improve the ability to control multiple activities.

Technology will continue to evolve. Strong information technology will be a competitive edge for the company and also become an entry barrier (Fasio, 1994). For organizations that want to progress and develop, there is no reason not to use all the technology that can help companies adapt to the environment (Hanscombe, 1989).

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